Photo by Mathew Burciaga
Assistant Professor Ana Paula Arruda’s research focuses on understanding the relationship between organelle architecture and metabolic regulation, inter-organelle communication and metabolism, and calcium signaling at organelle contact sites.
Originally from Sao Paulo, Brazil, Arruda received her PhD in biochemistry from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard University. She joined the College in 2021 and was named a Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub Investigator in 2022.
For the latest issue of Breakthroughs magazine, Arruda spoke to the College about her background and research, which has the potential to uncover new treatments for metabolic diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease.
These responses were edited for length and clarity.
Can you describe your field of expertise and your place in it?
I work at the intersection of cell biology and metabolic physiology, focusing on how the architectural organization inside our cells is dynamically regulated in response to environmental cues, such as nutrient availability and metabolic states, to regulate key metabolic pathways. My research explores how organelle shape facilitates efficient metabolic compartmentalization and function, and how disruptions in intracellular architecture lead to the development of complex metabolic diseases like diabetes and fatty liver disease.
How did you first become interested in science, and your field in particular?
I have always been naturally curious and eager to learn, constantly seeking to understand why things are the way they are. I was exposed to science very early on, through my father, who is a scientist and professor of plant genetics. I spent my school vacations going to his lab where I had the opportunity to observe experiments firsthand and even conduct small experiments of my own. I kept a lab notebook filled with observations, graphs, and sketches, which made the process of scientific discovery very exciting and tangible. This early experience instilled in me a deep appreciation for the scientific method and the thrill of uncovering the unknown. My specific interest in metabolic research developed later, toward the end of my PhD, as I became increasingly interested in understanding the dynamic relationship between cellular architecture and metabolic regulation.
Arruda (left) with graduate students in her lab. Photo by Mathew Burciaga
What are the pros and cons of working in this field?
We use high-resolution imaging approaches to visualize organelle structures within cells and tissues and investigate how dynamic changes in their morphology relates to metabolic function. One of the most exciting aspects of this work is the ability to see cellular structures in ways that were previously unimaginable. Discovering something entirely unexpected—something that could not be observed without advanced imaging technologies—is always fascinating. At the same time, studying metabolism and metabolic diseases presents significant challenges, since it involves highly complex and interconnected biological pathways with multiple redundant mechanisms, making it difficult to disentangle cause-and-effect relationships. However, this complexity is also what makes metabolism research so exciting!!
Why is being a scientist important right now?
I believe science and innovation are key drivers of progress and development. We recently witnessed this during the pandemic, when decades of basic research proved essential in developing vaccines and treatments that helped control the crisis. We are also witnessing rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, which have the potential to revolutionize research, medicine, and many other fields. In my specific area, the development of GLP-1 receptor agonists has had a profound impact on the obesity epidemic, demonstrating how scientific discoveries can translate into real-world solutions for major public health challenges. Now more than ever, science is essential for addressing complex global issues—from health and disease to climate change and technology. Investing in scientific research is not just about innovation; it’s about shaping a healthier and more sustainable future.
What advice do you have for young scientists?
My advice to young scientists is to find a question or topic that truly excites and challenges them. Science is not just a career; it’s a lifelong pursuit of knowledge. Don’t do it solely for recognition, awards, or career advancement. The most fulfilling part is the joy of discovery and the potential to contribute with new knowledge that can advance our understanding of the world. Another piece of advice is: be resilient! In research, you're constantly exploring the unknown, and hypotheses often turn out to be incorrect. Learning to cope with failure and view setbacks as part of the discovery process is essential.